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Jing Wang Francis Gigliotti Samir P. Bhagwat Thaddeus C. George Terry W. Wright 《PLoS pathogens》2010,6(8)
Although T cells are critical for host defense against respiratory fungal infections, they also contribute to the immunopathogenesis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). However, the precise downstream effector mechanisms by which T cells mediate these diverse processes are undefined. In the current study the effects of immune modulation with sulfasalazine were evaluated in a mouse model of PcP-related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (PcP-IRIS). Recovery of T cell-mediated immunity in Pneumocystis-infected immunodeficient mice restored host defense, but also initiated the marked pulmonary inflammation and severe pulmonary function deficits characteristic of IRIS. Sulfasalazine produced a profound attenuation of IRIS, with the unexpected consequence of accelerated fungal clearance. To determine whether macrophage phagocytosis is an effector mechanism of T cell-mediated Pneumocystis clearance and whether sulfasalazine enhances clearance by altering alveolar macrophage phagocytic activity, a novel multispectral imaging flow cytometer-based method was developed to quantify the phagocytosis of Pneumocystis in vivo. Following immune reconstitution, alveolar macrophages from PcP-IRIS mice exhibited a dramatic increase in their ability to actively phagocytose Pneumocystis. Increased phagocytosis correlated temporally with fungal clearance, and required the presence of CD4+ T cells. Sulfasalazine accelerated the onset of the CD4+ T cell-dependent alveolar macrophage phagocytic response in PcP-IRIS mice, resulting in enhanced fungal clearance. Furthermore, sulfasalazine promoted a TH2-polarized cytokine environment in the lung, and sulfasalazine-enhanced phagocytosis of Pneumocystis was associated with an alternatively activated alveolar macrophage phenotype. These results provide evidence that macrophage phagocytosis is an important in vivo effector mechanism for T cell-mediated Pneumocystis clearance, and that macrophage phenotype can be altered to enhance phagocytosis without exacerbating inflammation. Immune modulation can diminish pulmonary inflammation while preserving host defense, and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of PcP-related immunopathogenesis. 相似文献
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Zhi Xue Daniel Wei‐Jing Kwong Ling‐Wei Xue Qing Liu An‐Xin Hou Wai‐Kwok Wong 《化学与生物多样性》2009,6(7):1131-1143
Novel diselenide‐linked porphyrin dimers were synthesized under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions. The targeted compounds were characterized by 1H‐NMR, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies, redox‐potential measurements, and elemental analysis. The interaction of the title compounds with DNA was studied using UV/VIS, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The relative rates of singlet‐oxygen production from the diselenide‐linked porphyrin dimers upon photoirradiation were also measured. 相似文献
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Xiaodong Wang Hongbin Cheng Rongrong Hua Jing Yang Guanghui Dai Zan Zhang Renzhi Wang Chuan Qin Yihua An 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(12):1549-1562
Background aimsPre-clinical evidence indicates that autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) transplantation improves motor function in patients with central nervous system disorders.MethodsAfter providing informed consent, 52 patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who met the study criteria received BM-MSC transplantation. Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88 and GMFM-66 scales at baseline (before transplantation) and at 1 month, 6 months and 18 months post-transplantation. The participants completed the trial without visible side effects. The GMFM-66 percentile (motor growth curves) was used as the control index of motor function to exclude the interference of improvement with age.ResultsThe score domains A, B, C and D and the total GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 scores in participants increased at 1 month, 6 months and 18 months post-transplantation compared with the baseline value (P < 0.01). The scores of domain E also increased at 6 months and 18 months post-transplantation, although they were not significantly increased at 1 month post-transplantation. There were significant increases in the GMFM-66 score and the GMFM-66 percentile corresponding to patient age and Gross Motor Function Classification System level after cell transplantation.ConclusionsAutologous BM-MSC transplantation appears to be a feasible, safe and effective therapy for patients with CP. The treatment improved the development of children with CP with regard to motor function. 相似文献
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Nina Bertaux-Skeirik Rui Feng Michael A. Schumacher Jing Li Maxime M. Mahe Amy C. Engevik Jose E. Javier Richard M. Peek Jr Karen Ottemann Veronique Orian-Rousseau Gregory P. Boivin Michael A. Helmrath Yana Zavros 《PLoS pathogens》2015,11(2)
The cytotoxin-associated gene (Cag) pathogenicity island is a strain-specific
constituent of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that
augments cancer risk. CagA translocates into the cytoplasm where it stimulates cell
signaling through the interaction with tyrosine kinase c-Met receptor, leading
cellular proliferation. Identified as a potential gastric stem cell marker,
cluster-of-differentiation (CD) CD44 also acts as a co-receptor for c-Met, but
whether it plays a functional role in H. pylori-induced epithelial
proliferation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that CD44 plays a functional role
in H. pylori-induced epithelial cell proliferation. To assay changes
in gastric epithelial cell proliferation in relation to the direct interaction with
H. pylori, human- and mouse-derived gastric organoids were
infected with the G27 H. pylori strain or a mutant G27 strain
bearing cagA deletion (∆CagA::cat). Epithelial proliferation
was quantified by EdU immunostaining. Phosphorylation of c-Met was analyzed by
immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis for expression of CD44 and
CagA. H. pylori infection of both mouse- and human-derived gastric
organoids induced epithelial proliferation that correlated with c-Met
phosphorylation. CagA and CD44 co-immunoprecipitated with phosphorylated c-Met. The
formation of this complex did not occur in organoids infected with
∆CagA::cat. Epithelial proliferation in response to
H. pylori infection was lost in infected organoids derived from
CD44-deficient mouse stomachs. Human-derived fundic gastric organoids exhibited an
induction in proliferation when infected with H. pylorithat was not
seen in organoids pre-treated with a peptide inhibitor specific to CD44. In the
well-established Mongolian gerbil model of gastric cancer, animals treated with CD44
peptide inhibitor Pep1, resulted in the inhibition of H.
pylori-induced proliferation and associated atrophic gastritis. The current
study reports a unique approach to study H. pylori interaction with
the human gastric epithelium. Here, we show that CD44 plays a functional role in
H. pylori-induced epithelial cell proliferation. 相似文献
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Cloud computing technology plays a very important role in many areas, such as in the construction and development of the smart city. Meanwhile, numerous cloud services appear on the cloud-based platform. Therefore how to how to select trustworthy cloud services remains a significant problem in such platforms, and extensively investigated owing to the ever-growing needs of users. However, trust relationship in social network has not been taken into account in existing methods of cloud service selection and recommendation. In this paper, we propose a cloud service selection model based on the trust-enhanced similarity. Firstly, the direct, indirect, and hybrid trust degrees are measured based on the interaction frequencies among users. Secondly, we estimate the overall similarity by combining the experience usability measured based on Jaccard’s Coefficient and the numerical distance computed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Then through using the trust degree to modify the basic similarity, we obtain a trust-enhanced similarity. Finally, we utilize the trust-enhanced similarity to find similar trusted neighbors and predict the missing QoS values as the basis of cloud service selection and recommendation. The experimental results show that our approach is able to obtain optimal results via adjusting parameters and exhibits high effectiveness. The cloud services ranking by our model also have better QoS properties than other methods in the comparison experiments. 相似文献
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